MAINTENANCE AND GENERATION OF PROTON MOTIVE FORCE ARE BOTH ESSENTIAL FOR EXPRESSION OF PHENOTYPIC ANTIBIOTIC TOLERANCE IN BACTERIA

Maintenance and generation of proton motive force are both essential for expression of phenotypic antibiotic tolerance in bacteria

ABSTRACT Bacterial antibiotic tolerance, a phenomenon first observed in 1944, is known to be responsible for both onset and exacerbation of recurrent and chronic bacterial infections.The development of antibiotic tolerance was previously thought to be due to a switch to physiological dormancy when bacteria encounter adverse growth conditions.Our re

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Deep sequencing of Brachypodium small RNAs at the global genome level identifies microRNAs involved in cold stress response

Abstract Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenous small RNAs having large-scale regulatory effects on plant development and stress responses.Extensive studies of miRNAs have only been performed in a few model plants.Although miRNAs are proved to be involved in plant cold stress responses, little is known for winter-habit monocots.Brachypodium d

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